QPSK uses how many distinct phase states in its constellation?

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Multiple Choice

QPSK uses how many distinct phase states in its constellation?

Explanation:
QPSK uses four distinct phase states because it encodes two bits per symbol by shifting the carrier phase among four equally spaced values in the I–Q plane. The constellation points lie on a circle at four phases separated by 90 degrees, typically 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Each phase represents a two-bit symbol, giving four possible states. If only two phases were used, that would be BPSK; if eight phases were used, that would be 8-PSK, which is not QPSK.

QPSK uses four distinct phase states because it encodes two bits per symbol by shifting the carrier phase among four equally spaced values in the I–Q plane. The constellation points lie on a circle at four phases separated by 90 degrees, typically 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Each phase represents a two-bit symbol, giving four possible states. If only two phases were used, that would be BPSK; if eight phases were used, that would be 8-PSK, which is not QPSK.

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